FOURTH YEAR GCSE

THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER - TROTSKY AND STALIN

Trotsky
1879 Born, son of Jewish landowner
1888 Went to school in Odessa - modern, liberal education
1897-8 Becomes a Marxist, organises workers against the bosses
1900 After arrest and trial, exiled to Siberia
1902 Escapes from Siberia. Travels to Europe to join Lenin
Marxists split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks - Trotsky opposes Lenin’s Bolsheviks.
1905 Trotsky leader of Petrograd Soviet during 1905 revolution
1906-14 Leading Menshevik - continues split from Lenin
1914-17 Exiled in Europe and America, agrees with Lenin’s ideas. May 1917 - returns to Petrograd. Joins Lenin to mount revolution.
1917 Trotsky organises the Red Guards. Became president of Petrograd Soviet
1918 Military Commissar - in charge of fighting the Red army in Civil War.
1922 Commissar of War

 

 


Stalin
1879 Born, son of a Georgian peasant who had become a cobbler. Father drunk and violent. Entered church school - narrow, religious education
1894 Sent to a seminary to train as a priest. Becomes a Socialist.
1899 Expelled. Begins life as underground Marxist worker.
1902-04 Jailed, sent to Siberia.
1904 Becomes Bolshevik - supporter of Lenin
1905 Leads group of revolutionary fighters in the Caucasus mountains
1906-14 Continues as Bolshevik member - Leninist
1912 Member of Party’s Central Committee
1913-17 Exiled to Siberia
1917 Stalin edits Pravda. Plays leading role in organising the revolution.
Became Commissar of Nationalities in Bolshevik government
1918 Stalin had a major part to play in the Civil War. Helps defend Petrograd against the Whites. Major rows with Trotsky over fighting of the war.
1922 General Secretary of the party - in charge of its administration

 



1. In 1924 he was in charge of the Red Army. He had run the army during the Civil War and had no interest in running a government department.
2. He was a thinker who pushed for the spreading of the revolution to other countries like Germany.
3. He was a member of a small group which was cut off from the main bulk of party member in the government.
4. He was feared, people felt he was too ambitious and might become a military dictator.
5. He was an ex-Menshevik who had only joined the Bolshevik party in mid 1917.
6. He had played a crucial role in the 1917 revolution and had commanded the Red Guards which had routed Kerensky.
7. He was a brilliant speaker who could get a crowd on his side. But he was also shy and unable to make close friends.





1. He was General Secretary of the Communist Party and able to control its quickly growing membership.
2. He was pleasant to opposing groups in the government.
3. He had been a leading member of the party since 1903 and played a central role in the 1917 revolution.
4. He was known to be rude and aggressive to people he disliked.
5. He was ruthless and willing to wipe out any enemies of the party.
6. He was a very good organiser who loved running government departments.
7. He was not a thinker - he would often use the ideas of others and put them forward as his own.

 

 

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